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Introduction: Hadrontherapy is regarded as a promising option in the radiotherapeutic treatment of malignant diseases.Efforts like the MedAustron project are aiming at building up a treatment facility for protons and carbon ions in Austria.Several other projects with comparable efforts are ongoing all over the world.Because of the physical beam characteristics (spread out bragg peak (SOBP)) it is expected that hadrontherapy is able to improve treatment outcome in terms of side effects and/or local tumour control.Methods and Material: Typical physical characteristics of hadrontherapy in comparison to photon based irradiation are illustrated.In addition an overview of published data on side effects and tumour control are given and refer to different tumour entities like eye melanoma, prostate cancer, chordoma and chondrosarcoma, paediatric malignancies Results: In comparison to photon therapy clinical experiences on hadrontherapy can be regarded as relatively limited.Nonetheless available clinical data appear to be very promising.In future it can be expected that several new facilities will start operation and consequently this treatment option will become more available for cancer patients.Conclusion: Based on the physical beam characteristics of ion beam therapy improvements in clinical outcome in terms of side effects and local tumour control are expected.Although only limited clinical data are available up to now hadrontherapy can be regarded as a promising treatment option.Based on several upcoming centres worldwide clinical experiences will increase.