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During the progression of bone cancer, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is released by osteoclast bone resorption, which contributes to proliferation, angiogenesis, immunosuppression, invasion and metastasis.Here, we further report that TGF-β1 is involved in bone cancer-induced thermal hyperalgesia via the upregulation and sensitization of the transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV1) in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in a rat model of bone cancer pain.