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Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials,which possess nanoscale dimension only in thickness and infinite length in the plane,have attracted tremendous attention owing to their unique properties and potential applications in the fields of electronics,sensors as well as energy storage and conversion.Recent investigations of graphene,a 2D “aromatic” monolayer of carbon atoms,have demonstrated exceptional physical properties including ultrahigh electron mobility and ballistic charge carrier transport.These have triggered wide interest in 2D nanosheets other than carbons.Here we present a bottom-up assembly approach to the fabrication of 2D nanosheets based on chemically derived graphene.The graphene sheets can be assembled on the surface to make conductive graphene films which can serve as transparent electrodes in a number of organic electronic devices.Other 2D nanosheets based on graphene will be produced to possess the features including a large aspect ratio,mesoporous structure,high surface area and high monodispersity.As the consequence,these 2D nanomaterials may hold great potential in the areas of catalysis,sensors,supercapacitors and batteries.