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Introduction Total Hip Arthroplasty,one of the most successful Orthopaedic surgical procedures carried out for treating the destructive diseases of the hip joint,is still seeking for further development and modifications in the technique and implant design.Much progress has been made in biological & mechanical designs of the prosthesis for THA of which Short stem prosthesis is a big achievement of the 20s and has preferentially been used in young patients because of its advantages like bone sparing,favoring potential revision surgery and minimal invasive approach.However,despite of its ongoing popularity among the surgeons,the short stem prosthesis is still in the learning curve and uncertainties still exist due to lack of enough research and studies to analyze and prove its advantages over the conventional prosthesis.Objective To analyze and compare the clinical and radiological outcome of short stem THA over conventional THA in a group of young Chinese patients.Patients and methods The subjects of this prospective study are the patients who underwent short stem THA in the Department of Orthopaedics,Joint Surgery Unit of Union Hospital,Wuhan,China within the year Jan 2011-June 2012.30 hips in 29 cases of short stem arthroplasty with Metha(@) implant were included in the study and a control group of 30 hips in 24 cases of conventional total hip arthroplasty were taken,all within the age group of (22-45 years) mean age 33.5 years.Pre and post-operative clinical and radiological evaluations using Harris Hip Scoring system,Visual Analogue Pain Scale (VAS),Steinberg staging and direct x-ray analysis were done.Result The cases presented with increased mean HHS from pre-operative 47.3 to 85.6 points in an average follow-up period of 6.5 months (4-9 months).The VAS (0-10) pain score markedly improved from pre-operative 7.75 to post-operative 1.59.The control group presented similar improvement of mean HHS from 49.7 to 86.1 points after surgery and the VAS score 8.13 to 1.65 respectively.Two of the cases of short stem arthroplasty presented with slight pain in the thigh during climbing motion and sitting posture while 4 patients from the control presented with similar complains all at various follow-up period.Neither of the cases nor controls presented with loosening,peri-prosthetic fracture or other complications.Conclusion This study confirms that though both short stem arthroplasty and conventional THA yield similar satisfactorily improved post-operative clinical and radiological result but short stem prosthesis can offer notable vantage points over conventional prosthesis in young patients,those being bone sparing and allowing minimal invasive approach as well as favoring potential revision surgery.