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Low-lying agricultural reservoirs under the pressure of urbanization in Japan are subject to increasingly higher risk of inundation disaster due to the change in the runoff characteristics by decreasing the area of paddy fields and the recent increase in the frequency and magnitude of heavy rainfall events.To mitigate flood damages due to the recent heavy rainfall events,Niigata prefecture,Japan,has undertaken flood mitigation measures using paddy fields by installing runoff control devices in drainage boxes of paddy field plots.This measure is termed the Paddy Field Dam (PFD),in which rainwater is intentionally stored in the paddy fields temporarily.The PFD is an inexpensive and environmentally sustainable technique using existing paddy fields with enhanced flood control function.