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目的 Pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare but frequently misdiagnosed disease that is commonly confused with other chronic inflammatory diseases and malignancies. In this report, we aimed to evaluate the clinical manifestations and imaging features of pulmonary actinomycosis for early recognition which could prevent the considerable physical damage caused by delayed diagnosis. 方法 We reported a 52-year-old Chinese man, suffered by a 15-day history of cough, copious purulent sputum and intermittent fever, was final diagnosed as pulmonary actinomycosis by B-mode ultrasonic-guided transthoracic needle biopsy. Then 24 confirmed cases, including our patient from year 2005 to 2010, were reviewed and their clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment were analyzed.