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目的:通过解剖测量C1～3获得形态学参数为研制上颈椎前路钩状钛板提供解剖学依据。方法:采用40套正常成人干燥寰枢椎骨标本及50例正常成人颈椎侧位X线片测量C1～3的相关参数,并进行统计学分析,据此设计上颈椎前路钩状钛板,并在3具成人尸体标本上模拟钩状钛板置入并植骨术。结果:寰椎前弓宽度(AW)为(20.06±1.16)mm、前弓高度(AH)(10.61±1.04)mm、前弓厚度(AT)(4.09±0.66)mm;齿突横径(DW)(9.80±0.83)mm、齿突前后径(DD)(10.13±0.63)mm;枢椎椎体前缘高(VAH)(22.03±1.99)mm、前缘横径(TD)(16.80±1.26)mm、前后径(AP)(16.14±1.06)mm;寰枢椎前缘总高度(AAOH)(37.44±3.2)mm、C2/3椎间盘前缘高(C2/3IVDHA)(4.55±0.64)mm、C3椎体前缘高(C3BHA)(13.31±1.39)mm。前路钩状钛板由一对钩形钛板和配套螺钉构成,其中钛板分为C1～2和C1～3两种型号。结论:颈椎前路钩状钛板的设计在形态学上具有可行性,各部件参数有一定的选取范围,其能在颈前侧咽后入路下安装,既能够避免进口咽入路的并发症又能重建寰枢关节的稳定性,具有牢靠安全、操作简便的特点。
OBJECTIVE: To provide anatomic evidence for the development of anterior superior cervical hook plate by means of anatomical measurement of C1 ~ 3 morphological parameters. Methods: 40 sets of normal adult atlantoaxial bone specimens and 50 normal adult cervical lateral radiographs were used to measure the parameters of C1 ~ 3, and statistical analysis was carried out to design the anterior cervical hook plate Hooks and bone grafting were performed on 3 adult cadaver specimens. Results: The width of anterior arch of atlas was (20.06 ± 1.16) mm, the height of anterior arch (AH) was (10.61 ± 1.04) mm, and the thickness of anterior arch was (4.09 ± 0.66) mm. ) (9.80 ± 0.83) mm, and the anteroposterior diameter (DD) was (10.13 ± 0.63) mm. The mean height of the frontal vertebral body was (22.03 ± 1.99) mm, ) mm and anterior and posterior diameter (AP) (16.14 ± 1.06) mm respectively; AAOH (37.44 ± 3.2) mm and C2 / 3IVDHA (4.55 ± 0.64) mm , C3 vertebrae front high (C3BHA) (13.31 ± 1.39) mm. The anterior hook-shaped titanium plate consists of a pair of hook-shaped titanium plate and supporting screws, of which the titanium plate is divided into C1 ~ 2 and C1 ~ 3 two models. CONCLUSION: The design of the anterior cervical hook-like titanium plate is feasible morphologically and the parameters of each component have a certain range of options. It can be installed under the anterior neck and posterior pharyngeal approach, which can both avoid the concurrent pharyngeal approach The disease can also reconstruct the stability of atlantoaxial joint, which has the characteristics of being solid, safe and easy to operate.