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Yield formation of plants are governed by a large network of genes under complicated regulation,for which our understanding is still at the infant stage.In this study,a novel class of seed development-related proline-rich protein(PRP)genes,consisting of at least four homologs,was identified in wheat.Structurally,they are distinct from the previously described five classes of plant PRPs.Semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that these wheat PRPs were mainly expressed in reproductive organs,and their expression levels were reduced gradually as the seeds grew.One of these genes,TaPRP.1,were fused to a Actinl promoter and transformed into a wheat cultivar through particle bombardment.The transgenic lines had significantly higher unit grain weight than the non-transgenic control in three different trials and showed a higher level of TaPRP.1 expression.