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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are master regulators of gene expression and have been known to be involved in cancer by acting either as tumor suppressors or oncomiRs.It is widely accepted that the miRNAs carry out their functions in the cytoplasm via targeting the 3UTR region of mRNAs leading to downregulation of gene expression.However, whether and how miRNAs function in the nucleus remains largely unknown.We showed that both exogenous and endogenous miRNAs are able to induce the expression of genes whose promoters contain the targets of the miRNAs, a phenomenon known as RNA activation (RNAa).