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To select key odor compounds in the gonad of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis),5g of crab samples from Yangcheng Lake was steamed and the volatile compounds were collected by monolithic material sorptive extraction(MMSE).Volatiles of gonad part were studied by gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in order to identify and quantify the compounds responsible for the unique aroma of gonad.Modified frequency method was used to rank the top ten powerful odorants.From an olfactometric point of view,the key odorant of the gonad part of E.sinensis was trimethylamine (modified frequency value[MF]96%).In addition,toluene,benzaldehyde,3-methylbutanal,1-penten-3-ol and an odorant with a "nutty" descriptor that could not be identified were also found to be important odorants present in the gonad part of steamed E.sinensis due to their higher MF values in GC-O study.