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HIV-1 eradication is a major goal of mankind.For this purpose,"shock and kill" strategies have been postulated (Hamer,2004).These should include:1) agents such as valproic acid (Lehrman et al.,2005),stimulating HIV-1 gene expression in latenfly infected cells in order to help the immune system to recognise them; 2) intensified antiretroviral therapy (ART) in order to prevent cell-to-cell viral spread due to HIV-1 gene derepression; 3) elimination of the HIV-1-infected cell pools by the immune system or other means.In regard of point 2),the availability of new effective drugs such as integrase inhibitors and blockers of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters could be of pivotal importance to reduce residual HIV-1 replication during ART,thus limiting replenishment of the latently infected cell reservoirs.