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Cognitive impairments have been found in thyroid hormone-related diseases (e.g.hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism) for a long time.However,whether and how subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) causes any deficits in brain functions,and whether a hormone-replacement treatment is necessary for SCH patients,still remain controversial subjects.In the present study,functional MRI (fMRI) was used to measure brain functions by asking euthyroid subjects,hyperthy-roid patients and SCH patients to perform the widely used digit n-back working memory task.After having been treated with L-thyroxine for_6 months,the SCH patients were asked to do the same fMRI experiment.The hypothyroid and SCH patients scored significantly lower in the 2-back task than either the hyperthyroid patients or the euthyroid subjects (P <0.012).