Loop diagram ultraviolet divergence is a fundamental problem in quantum field theory.To evade this problem,renormalization theory was developed to absorb the “infinite” parts of divergences into defin
We report for the first time,to our knowledge,on the fabrication of three-dimensional(3D)Y-branch optical waveguide splitters in z-cut LiNbO3 crystal by using femtosecond laser inscription.
In recent years,multiferroic oxides have attracted intense attention because of the great potential for application in the fields of oxide electronics and spintronics.Multiferroic thin films studied b