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Means of cell biology and molecular biology of high altitude adaptation in rat, the rat heat shock response, heat shock protein in the organism to understand high altitude adaptation in biological significance.90 male SD rats were randomly divided into 10 groups,three experimental animals brought by the Golmud, Qinghai, Xian time-consuming and 1d (elevation 2700m), 2d to the Tibetan Tanggula (elevation 5000m), 3d to the Naqu (elevation 4500m), 2 experimental groups ld directly to Lhasa, Tibet (altitude 3658m) and Naqu,feeding more than 5 groups to plateau after 24 hours of slaughter;three different experimental groups ld directly to high altitude (above sea level in Qinghai Golmud 2700m, Lhasa, Tibet,3658m, Naqu 4500m) after 4 weeks of feeding killed, 2 group (in Xian, elevation 5m), with the Western blot and conventional RT-PCR and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (real-time PCR detection) measured at different altitudes SD Heat shock protein in rat brain 70 (Hsp70) expression and brain differences in the natural expression of Hsp70 gene, light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy observation of animals in each group structural changes in brain tissue.Mammals have a different elevation of heat shock response genes, stress, high altitude when the rapid increase in the expression of mammalian Hsp70;Hsp70 can be high altitude (high altitude) induced.Hsp70 heat shock response in the rapid synthesis of high altitude hypoxic stress is conducive to maintaining the normal physiological function when the cells, Hsp70 and cell formation is proportional to hypoxia tolerance.