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Influenza is a leading cause of hospitalization and death worldwide.Treatment with neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) may shorten illness duration and improve clinical outcomes, and is recommended in patients hospitalized with severe infections.Besides oseltamivir, newer antiviral treatments are becoming available (e.g.intravenous peramivir, intravenous zanamivir, laninamivir,DAS181, favipiravir); however their roles in treating influenza pneumonia are unclear.The standard regimen of oseltamivir, 75mg bid for 5 days, was based on clinical trials in ambulatory patients with mild seasonal influenza.Since hospitalized patients have a different clinical course and more prolonged duration of viral shedding, it is questioned that such standard regimen may be inadequate.Oseltamivir given at higher doses and longer durations (e.g.150mg bid for 10 days) have been suggested to treat these seriously-ill patients, but supportive evidence is lacking.In this lecture, the roles of newer forms of antiviral treatment will be discussed, and the lastest evidence on impacts of higher dose oseltamivir on virologic and clinical outcomes in hospitalized influenza patients will be presented.In addition, the harmful effects of systemic corticosteroids in influenza patients will be discussed.