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Although stem cells treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD) has experienced more than 20 years from animal studies to the clinical trials, we have not found the best suitable neural stem cells or dopamine neuron cells for PD.Many researchers and clinicians have made efforts to find the effective and safe cells.Here we will analyze the research progress to use different stem cells to treat PD in experimental and clinical studies;we will also discuss the sources and the isolation, generation and differentiation of the stem cells to make clinical good manufacturing practice (GMP)-standard cells and the problems and challenges for transplantation therapy of PD.In addition, the most recent research results on using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells for transplantation therapy of PD in our lab will be presented.The main reasons that the stem cells have not be used in clinic is as following: The immune-rejections and ethical issues of the neural stem cells from fetal brain or human embryonic stem cells (hESCs);the reliable clinical data has not been obtained yet;PD patients with transplanted stem cells developed side effect of dyskinesia;the disease is on the process and may affect the transplanted cells;and the transplanted cells have not been shown to improve the non-motor symptoms.In the future, iPS cell-derived NSCs or dopamine neurons from PD patients will have great clinical potential for the treatment of PD.The protocols for inducing the iPS cell to differentiate the NSCs or dopamine neurons will need to be optimized to generate a large amount of GMP standard cells for patients.The molecular mechanisms of cell transplantation will be studied to improve the motor and non-motor symptoms of PD patients.Because the difference exits among the results of the clinical trials using neural stem cells from fetal brains, more multi-Centre and collaborative clinical trials will be performed to select the patients strictly, evaluate the efficacy of the transplanted cells as well as to determine the amount of cells and delivering approaches for transplantation therapy of PD patients.