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Leaf photosynthesis and carbon metabolism are fundamental processes that support plant growth and development.Pome and stone fruits in the Rosaceae family are unique in that sorbitol serves as a primary end-product of photosynthesis and a major phloem-translocated carbohydrate.Although considerable efforts have been made to elucidate the biochemical regulation of carbon assimilation and metabolism in sucrose-synthesizing species over the last 60 years, the regulation of carbon metabolism in sorbitol-synthesizing species is just beginning to be understood.We have been using transgenic apples trees with decreased sorbitol/sucrose synthesis to understand the metabolic regulation of carbon metabolism in sorbitol-synthesizing species.