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Background The purpose of this study was to compare the porcine small intestine submucosa (Surgisis Inguinal Hernia Matrix, SIHM) and traditional polypropylene meshes (PP) for the tension-free repair of inguinal hernia by using Lichtenstein technique.Methods From Match 2012 to February 2014, 366 consecutive patients (196 patients in SIHM group and 170 patients in PP group) underwent Lichtenstein inguinal herniorraphy were enrolled for this retrospective study.All of the patients were operated under local anesthesia.