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The mechanism of bone cancer pain is poorly understood.Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β)secreted by osteolysis activates cancer cells to facilitate tumor growth in bone tumor tissues.Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) plays a significant role in cancer pain.We studied the possible roles in TGF-β and TRPV1 of primary sensory neurons in bone cancer pain.Methods: Patch-clamp recording, calcium imaging,behavioral test, western blot and immunohistochemistry.Results: L3-L5 DRG segments main innervated rat tibia.The changes of TGF-β1, TGF-β receptors and TRPV1 expression are observed during bone cancer pain.TGF-β1 potentiates TRPV1 activity and induces thermal hyperalgesia via TAK1/p38 and PKC signaling pathway.Conclusion: TGF-β1 can influence bone cancer pain by targeting TRPV1 in rat primary sensory neurons.