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Mouse models are the most commonly used in vivo systems for biomedical research,in which immune disorders and immunotherapies can be studied in immunologically intact syngeneic hosts.However,because of the many differences between rodents and humans,much of the information learned from the conventional mouse models cannot be applied to humans.For this reason,xenograft models have been increasingly used to study human tumors.The currently available human tumor xenograft or patient-derived xenograft(PDX)models permit modeling of human cancers in vivo,but in highly immunocompromised hosts.Humanized mice with functional human lymphohematopoietic systems have been proved to be a highly valuable in vivo model for the study of human immune function.Humanized mouse models also show great promise for experimental and preclinical immunotherapy.This presentation will discuss our recent advances in the development and use of humanized mice for modeling human disease and immunotherapy.