Oxygen vacancies(OVs)have emerged as an important strategy to modulate the electronic structures,conductivity,and catalytic performance of transition metal oxides(TMOs).
Rare earth/noble metal nanocatalysts,which have broad applications in environmental protection,sustainable energies,and chemicals industry,have attracted intensive research interests in recent years.
Because of their high theoretical capacity,non-toxic,high safety,and moderate operating potential,tin-based oxides have received a lot of attention in the field of lithium-ion negative materials.