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Objective:The present research is to understand whether ITI-H4 be produced by synovial cells or chondrocytes,and the different expressing level of ITI-H4 in these cells between normal and OA patients.Methods:Chondrocytes and synoviocytes were separated from cartilage and synovial tissue extracted from patients with hip fracture as normal donors and from patients with knee osteoarthritis after arthroplasty.The expression level of ITI-H4 in these cells was detected by Western blot and RT-PCR.The localization of ITI-H4 was determined by immunohistochemistry.Results:ITI-H4 was expressed in a 90-kDa form in chondrocytes from both OA and normal samples,but not in synoviocytes.Secretory ITI-H4 proteins level in synovial fluids from OA patients were higher than in synovial fluid from RA measured by ELISA(P<0.05).Immunohistochemistry showed intracellular staining of ITI-H4 in both OA and normal cartilage.However,the localization of positive cells was different between OA and normal.The ITI-H4 positive cells were mostly found in the superficial region especially in fibrillated surface of OA cartilage,while in normal they were well-distributed in the each layer of the tissue.Conclusion:ITI-H4 in synovial fluid may be derived from cartilage but not synovium.ITI-H4 might be a biomarker of OA for it detected higher in synovial fluid from OA patients than in that from RA.And the function of ITI-H4 in cartilage and the part taken in OA should be further investigated.