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Although a number of studies have shown neural,hormonal,and behavioral capabilities in the control of body fluid regulation under conditions of dehydration in adults,limited information is available on the development of fetal functional abilities in response to osmotic challenge in rats.This study was performed to investigate the influence of matemal hypertonicity on fetal osmoregulatory capabilities at late gestational time in rats.Matemal and fetal plasma osmolality and blood sodium levels were determined and compared at continuous time points from 0.5 to 9 h following matemal injection of hypertonic NaCl.Subcutaneous administration of hypertonic saline evoked a rise in plasma osmolality and sodium concentrations in maternal rats and fetuses associated with an up-regulation in angiotensinogen gene mRNA in the fetal liver and down-regulation of the same gene in the fetal brain.