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Surface modification is that Si-CH3 groups of trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) replace-OH or-OR groups on the inner surface of aerogels due to substitution reaction,and then the properties of aerogels are completely changed because of the appearance of hydrophobic groups (-CH3).SiO2 aerogels with super specific surface area are prepared via sol-gel process in which polyethoxydisiloxanes (E-40) is used as silicon source.After surface modification,hydrophobic aerogels are obtained by drying at ambient pressure and the contact angle between aerogels and water is 130°,then 450 ℃ heat treatment is used to get hydrophilic aerogels.