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With the development of the exploration of shale gas,the two dimensional seismic exploration plays important role in the survey of shale gas,especially in the identification and interpretation of the shale layer,distribution and structural feature.South China,rich with shale gas,is characterized by high and steep mountains,with carbonate rocks on the surface.There,the geologic condition is poor for seismic stimulation and reception.Seismic reflection exploration was used to study the distribution,depth,thickness and fault system of shale layers.Compared to conventional 2-D seismic exploration,the unconventional seismic acquisition of the shale gas shows difference on adoption of parameters.This study show the experience of the seismic exploration in the northwestern Hunan,while could be a reference to the next work of the shale gas survey.Combined groundwater table investigation with micro logging,the result shows that the thickness of low deceleration zone is about 0~8m in this study area.Explosive rock,well depth and explosive charge were compared during the test process before the seismic exploration.These tests indicate that seismic data has been greatly affected by explosive rock,related to explosive charge but independent of well depth.This study suggests a efficient observation system of shale gas exploration in South China.It is: 20m of group interval,40m of source gap,4800m of array length,80 times of fold number,good explosive rock,~5kg of explosive charge.In addition,other factors should be taken into acount,such as explosive location in wells,shutoff et al.In a word,this paper offer a case study of 2-d seismic exploration of the shale gas in the complex structural area in South China.