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The most profound mass extinction in the Phanerozoic occurred at the end of the Permian,with global loss of nearly 90％ of marine invertebrate species and 70％ of terrestrial vertebrate genera．Recent studies suggested that volcanisms represented by the Siberian Trap were most likely cause of the end-Permian extinction．The post-extinction periods in the Early Triassic was characterized by low biodiversity,reduced abundanceand size of invertebrates，hiatus in coal deposition，anomalously high sediment fluxes，and large perturbations of the carbon cycle，which have been interpreted as the consequence of persistently unfavorable environmental conditions．