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Harnessing the immune system to eradicate malignant cells is becoming a powerful approach to cancer therapy.Recent FDA approval of the immunotherapy-based drugs for the treatment of cancer represents milestones in the field of cancer immunotherapy.Furthermore, clinical trials using antigen-specific T cell receptor (TCR) or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) have shown promising results.Key questions are how to identify new immune targets for the development of cancer immunotherapy,and how to improve cancer vaccines for the treatment of cancer.The current strategy for cancer vaccines is not enough to eradicate cancer due to weak and transient antitumor immune response.The answer may lie in a group of cells called CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells.Regulatory T cells form a vital arm of the immune system, which is responsible for controlling rogue immune responses and autoimmunity.If they are depleted, autoimmune diseases will result because the immune system is unchecked and goes on to attack the bodys own tissues.However, the tumor cells may take advantage of these Treg cells to suppress desired antitumor immune responses and to protect themselves from immune attack.Thus, the major obstacle for developing effective cancer vaccines is how to turn off the suppressive function of Treg cells.I will discuss recent progresses in cancer immunotherapy by stimulating antigen-specific immune response and blocking immune suppression.