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[目的]了解闸北区水痘的发病状况。[方法]对水痘报告和监测资料进行描述性分析。[结果]2005和2006年闸北区本市人口水痘发病率为58.62/10万和37.33/10万,外来人口发病率为32.20/10万和35.09/10万。4~6、7~9和10~143个年龄组的病例数最多,分别占2005年和2006年病例数的83.04%和71.95%,≥20岁的病例分别占5.58%和8.58%。2005年本市人口各年龄组发病率最高的是7~9岁组,2006年是4~6岁组。水痘比例男女性别比为1.3︰1。水痘发病的季节高峰为冬季和春夏季。水痘病例在各街道间的分布不平衡。水痘暴发均发生在中小学校,暴发平均持续时间为26d。暴发病例中既往接种过水痘疫苗占8.72%。有一半以上的暴发病例未通过国家疾病报告管理系统报告。[结论]学龄前儿童和中小学生是水痘的高发人群,应该采用学龄前儿童常规接种和在学生中补种相结合的策略开展水痘疫苗的群体水平免疫;水痘监测和报告网络有待完善。
[Objective] To understand the incidence of chickenpox in Zhabei District. [Method] Descriptive analysis of varicella report and monitoring data. [Results] The incidence of chickenpox in Zhabei District was 58.62 / lakh and 37.33 / lakh in 2005 and 2006 respectively. The incidence of migrant population was 32.20 / lakh and 35.09 / lakh respectively. The number of cases was highest in 4 ~ 6, 7 ~ 9 and 10 ~ 143 age groups, accounting for 83.04% and 71.95% of the cases in 2005 and 2006 respectively, and accounted for 5.58% and 8.58% respectively. In 2005, the highest prevalence rate of population in all age groups in this Municipality was from 7 to 9 years old group, and in 2006 it was from 4 to 6 years old group. The ratio of chickenpox to male to female is 1.3: 1. The peak season for the onset of chickenpox is winter and spring and summer. Chickenpox cases are unevenly distributed across the streets. Chickenpox outbreaks occurred in primary and secondary schools, the average duration of the outbreak was 26d. Outbreaks of cases previously vaccinated varicella vaccine accounted for 8.72%. More than half of the outbreaks have not been reported through the National Disease Reporting Management System. [Conclusion] Pre-school children and primary and secondary school students are high-risk groups of chickenpox, and population-level immunization of chickenpox vaccine should be carried out by routine vaccination of preschool children and replanting in students. The network of chickenpox monitoring and reporting needs further improvement.