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Proteasome 26S ATPase subunit 3 (PSMC3) encodes an ATPase which functions on degrading protein in an ATP/ubiquitin dependent process and acts an important role on cellular survival, cellular proliferation and transformation, regulating growth and development of muscles as well.In this study, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PSMC3 gene in 595 Chinese beef cattle individuals (424 Qinchuan cattle individuals and 171 Qinchuan-Simmental crossbred cattle individuals) and compared the differences of genetic effect between them.These sequence variants included a missense mutation in PSMC3 gene exon 1 and two mutations in intron 10 that were similar in QC and QS cattle.In addition, 8 different haplotypes were identified in QC cattle and Hap1 (-ATG-) had the highest haplotype frequencies (34.7%); 7 differnt haplotypes in QS cattle,Hap3 (-GCT-) and Hap1 (-ATG-) got the first (26.5%) and second (24.6%) respectively.Linkage disequilibrium analysis showed the SNP T4363C and G4649A locus had a strong linkage (r2 < 0.33) and the others were in low LD in both two breeds.Moreover, in QC cattle, there was a significant association between the 7 different combined phenotype and slaughter weight (P<0.05); in QS cattle, there were no significant associations between the 12 combined phenotype and traits.Association analysis indicated that SNPs A218G, T4363C and G4649A were significantly associated with growth and carcass traits in the QC population, meanwhile A218G only significantly associated with some growth traits in QS breed.These results provided evidence that some polymorphisms and combined haplotypes affects growth and carcass traits and suggested PSMC3 could be a strong candidate gene in marker-assisted selection of both QC and QS cattle breeding program.