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Many existing methods for constructing optimal split-plot designs,such as D-optimal designs,only focus on minimizing the variances and covariances of the estimation for the fitted model.However,the underlying true model is usually complicated and unknown and the fitted model is often misspecified.If there exist significant effects that are not included in the model,then the estimation could be highly biased.Therefore,a good split-plot designs should be able to simultaneously control the variances/covariances and the bias of the estimation.