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Due to increased awareness and interest in the biomedical implant field as a result of an aging population,research in the field of implantable devices has grown rapidly in the last few decades.Among the biomedical implants,titanium-based implant materials have been widely used to replace disordered bony tissues in orthopedic and orthodontic surgeries.The clinical success of implants is closely related to their early osseointegration(i.e.,the direct structural and functional connection between living bone and the surface of a load-bearing artificial implant),which relies heavily on the surface condition of the implant [1].Electrochemical techniques for modifying biomedical implants are relatively simple,cost-effective and appropriate for implants with complex shapes.Recently,metal oxide nanotubular arrays via electrochemical anodization have been an attractive technique to build up on metallic implants to enhance the biocompatibility and bioactivity.This talk will thoroughly review the relevance electrochemical anodization techniques for the modification of titanium-based implant surfaces in nanoscale and cover the electrochemical anodization techniques used in the development of the types of nanotubular/nanoporous modification achievable via electrochemical approaches,which hold tremendous potential for bioimplant applications.In vitro and in vivo studies by using nanotubes are also presented,revealing the potential of nanotubes in biomedical applications.Finally,an outlook of future growth of research in metallic oxide nanotubular arrays is provided.This talk will therefore provide researchers with an in-depth understanding of electrochemical anodization modification and provide guidance regarding the design and tuning of new materials to achieve a desired performance and reliable biocompatibility.