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Objective:The effect of adenosine postconditioning on myocardial protection in cardiac surgery remains uncertain.The present study was to evaluate the safety,feasibility and beneficial effect of adenosine postconditioning as an adjunct to predominantly used cold-blood cardioplegic myocardial protection method in the setting of heart valve replacement operation.Methods:Sixty rheumatic heart valve disease patients undergoing heart valve replacement operation were randomized to adenosine (1.5mg/kg) or saline (as control) bolus injection through arterial line immediately after the aorta clamping removal.