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The aim of this study was to investigate the apoptosis of lens epithelial cells (LECs) in rabbits with silicone oil tamponade after vitrectomy and the effect of Tea Polyphenols (TP) ophthalmic gel intervention.For this purpose, unilateral vitrectomies with silicone oil tamponade were performed on 2-month-old New Zealand white rabbits (n=72).Age-matched non-operated rabbits (n=18) were used as controls.The TP ophthalmic gel was administered topically to the surgical eyes.At 45d and 90d after vitrectomy, the reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and apoptosis incidence of LECs were analyzed by flow cytometer, respectively.Meanwhile, the apoptotic index was also detected by TUNEL assay.Furthermore, the mRNA and the protein levels of caspase-3 were determined by real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively.The results showed that silicone oil tamponade after vitrectomy could cause increased ROS level and decreased MMP.In the meantime, increased apoptosis level of LECs was also found.The silicone oil tamponade after vitrectomy could apparently enhance the mRNA and the protein levels of caspase-3.Furthermore, the treatment of TP ophthalmic gel could reduce the generation of ROS, maintain MMP, inhibit overexpression of caspase-3 and attenuate apoptosis.Our study showed that TP ophthalmic gel could inhibit the apoptosis of LECs, which might provide a new way to prevent and delay the development of complicated cataract after vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade.