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Objectives To investigate the prevalence of PH in schistosomiasis patients around Dongting Lake area.Methods 18829 positive cases with schistosomiasis from two hospital of Yueyang City were consulted.PH is defined by a pulmonary arterial systolic pressure(PASP) of 40mmHg, and transthoracic Doppler echocardiography is the main instrument to determine the pressure of PASP.All the other information such as demographic data, abdominal ultrasound scan, chest X-ray film, electrocardiograph(ECG), hepatic function and so on were collected from the case history.Results 14 patients are presented with an PASP greater than 40mmHg,and the prevalence of PH in patients with schistosomiasis around Dongting Lake area is 0.53‰.PH-positive patients have a large mean age than PH-negative patients(p=0.004), while there is no significant correlation between gender and risk of PH(p=0.698).No significant correlation between portal hypertension and PH is found.Whats more, the present study demonstrates that the importance of ECG and chest X-ray film in diagnosis of PH is limited.Conclusions The prevalence of PH in schistosomiasis patients around Dongting Lake area is 0.53‰, which is much lower than recognized before.