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The occurrence and risk assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)and organophosphate flame retardants(OPFRs)were evaluated in the key area of Taihu Lake,China.Tris(2-chloroisopropyl)phosphate(TCPP),tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate(TCEP)and triphenyl phosphate(TPP)were found in water samples with 100%detection frequency,with TCPP presented the highest concentration,ranging from 44-160 ng/L.PBDEs were detected in all sediment samples from 11 sampling sites with concentrations of 16.7-765 ng/g,while TEHP was the most abundant OPFRs observed in sediment(5.3-6.0 ng/g).Strong positive correlation between PBDEs and OPFRs(p < 0.01)was found,which suggested similar pollution sources and environmental fates of these two flame retardants.Risk assessment based on measured concentrations in water and predicted no effective concentrations(PNEC)was carried out for OPFRs,no significant risk to aquatic organism was observed for any of the sampling site.However,for their potential persisted and bioaccumulative characteristics,environmental occurrence and long-term risk assessment are needed to be performed.