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Synovial cysts usually occur on the wrist,foot and knee.They are rarely involved in the region of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ),with only 13 cases have been reported in the literature to date.In this paper,the authors report a case of such lesion affecting a 45-year-old woman,presented with a mass in the left preauricular region.The patient presented with a left preauricular swelling,1.5 cm anterior to the tragus.A computed tomography (CT) scan showed a small oval hypodense mass of soft tissue in the left temporomandibular region with no relation to the condyle.A magnatic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a cystic swcontaining fluids.The patient was taken to the operating room and a preauricular approach extending to the temporal region was carried out resulting in surgical excision of the mass.The histological findings were consistent with the diagnosis of a synovial cyst.The short term clinical and radiological follow-up (after 18 months) showed no sign of recurrence.The authors suggest,in accordance with the literature,that a surgical approach should be the treatment of choice in the case of a synovial cyst of the TMJ.