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Population outbreaks of common voles lead to population densities of >1,000 Individuals/ha and to damage in agriculture and forestry.Refuges like set-aside-land and field verges are potentially sources for dispersal to adjacent fields.In this study,vole population dynamics and dispersal patterns at field-refuge-boundaries were investigated.Capture-mark-release took place on grassland refuge areas distributed in a matrix of arable fields.Microsatellite genotyping was used to determine the relationship among refuge populations and to infer spatial correlations of vole dispersal to crops.Extrapolated vole densities in refuges reached up to 1,000 Ind./ha,whereas densities in the field remained low.According to capture-mark-recapture data,voles stayed close to their trapping location even at high densities.Several refuge populations died out but were quickly re-colonized.Highly dynamic movements across fields were confirmed by genetic analysis.Kinship investigation revealed strong relationship and exchange between voles from different refuges.Immigration was more important for re-colonization of refuges than reproduction.The combination of traditional and genetic methods allows conclusions about spatio-temporal movement of voles on cultivated land.