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The discovery about the process of anaerobic ammonium oxidation(Anammox)is a breakthrough in the field of environmental sciences in recent years.Anammox has been confirmed to widely exist in the anaerobic environment of the nature,and it plays an important role in the nitrogen cycle processes,but there is no report about Anammox in the Antarctic environment.In this article,tundra wetlands on Fildes Peninsula of maritime Antarctica are selected to be as study areas.A nitrogen isotope-tracing method were conducted to measure the activities of anammox and denitrifying bacteria to evaluate the intensity and the spatial variations of Anammox rates in the environment of Antarctic tundra.The molecular biology technology,microbiology and biogeochemistry methods are used to study community structure of Anammox bacteria and their spatial distribution patterns.At last,we will discuss its importance in the nitrogen transformation and the impact of environmental factors on it.