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@@ 1. IntroductionPaclitaxel (PTX) is considered to be one of the most potent antitumor agents for the treatment of various tumors[l]. Although the structure of PTX is quite different from LPS, it was found to trigger many LPS-like activities through TLR4 pathway [2]. The mammalian TLRs family members are vital in the connection between innate and adaptive immune response. In the present study, we investigated the effect of PTX on CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and CD4+Foxp3- effector T (Teff) cells, and the mechanism behind it, which may help clarify the role of PTX on immune system.