Objective At the preclinical level,the social defeat paradigmis considered one of the most robust models of stress-induced mood-related illnesses which possesses higher face,predictive,and ethological
The dorsal raphe nucleus(DRN)contains the largest group of forebrain-projecting serotonergic neurons which are involved in various biological processes including stress,reward and food intake.
Objective: The CA1 region of the hippocampus has been demonstrated as key brain zone in learning and memory.The direct entorhinal projection(temporoammonic,TA)input to hippocampal area CA1 was involve
Vestibular afferent information is important clue for spatial orientation(SO).In the case of aviation,marine,microgravity and vestibular lesions,individuals may experience spatial disorientation(SD)be