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The area of around Songshan Mountain includes Zhengzhou,Luoyang,Xuchang,Pingdingshan and its surrounding areas.Its longitude is from 111 ° 8′20 ″ to 114 ° 19′20″,its latitude is from 33 ° 650 "to 35 ° 330",the width from east to west is about 294 km,the length from north to south is about 214 km,the total area is about 36,000 square kilometers.The topography of the area is high in west,low in east.The paper selects this area as study area,because it is the birthplace of Chinese civilization and it is an area that the density and the degree importance of settlement sites are very high in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River.Here spatial and temporal distribution of cultural sites and culture and environment relationship are the focus of archaeological research.Spatial model is the abstract spatial prototype,it can effectively identify and distinguish space objects through numerical calculation and qualitative way,its goal is to explain the spatial phenomena and spatial processes,and explore the geography methodology paradigm.The spatial distribution pattern of prehistoric settlement is comprehensive reflection of the geographical conditions and economic geographical conditions and social development.It describes the relations of settlement with different spatial and temporal scales,and gives intuitive expression by visualization technology,provides a new holistic thinking for the problems of settlements temporal and spatial distribution.It is the common concern problem for geologists and archaeologists.The paper studies distribution patterns of prehistoric human settlement using point pattern analysis method to dig out accurately the spatial distribution law of prehistoric settlement around Songshan Mountain.Prehistoric settlement culture around Songshan Mountain included four periods: Peiligang; Yangshao,Longshan,Xia and Shang.Clustering trends of prehistoric settlement were obtained by nearest neighbor analysis,and the degree of clustering from highest to lowest were Yongsan,Xia and Shang,Yangshao,Peiligang.The distribution direction and distribution centers of prehistoric settlement were obtained by using elliptical distribution analysis.The distribution direction of major axis of ellipse was northwest to southeast in period of Peiligang,while the distribution direction of major axis of ellipse of the other three periods was basically level.The distribution center from Peiligang to Yangshao moved to the northwest,moving distance was about 37 kilometers.The distribution center from Yangshao to Longshan moved to southeast,moving distance was about 10 kilometers,the distribution center from Longshan to the Xia and Shang moved to the northeast,moving distance was about 17 kilometers.The four periods of settlement density difference law can be obtained by using kernel density estimation method.The density in Peiligang period was low,and multi-cores were emergent.The highest kernel density regions were concentrated in the Xinmi.The settlement density was higher in the period Yangshao than the period of Peiligang.There were three typical centers; the highest density center was located on Yanshi in the Northwest of Songshan,the second center was located in the Xingyang in the northeast of Songshan,the third center was Zhengzhou in the east of Songshan.There were two centers in the Xinmi and Xinzheng,howerer,the density of two centers was relatively small,and the center character was not obvious.In the Longshan period,the density of settlement slightly increased than Yangshao period,the highest density center was still located on Yanshi County in the Northwest of Songshan,the secondary center was Zhengzhou,and the third center was Xinzheng.The kernel density of the Xia and Shang Dynasties was largest in the four periods,the distribution center in this period was same as Longshan period.This can be inferred that the distribution density of prehistoric settlements in Yanshi,Zhengzhou,Xinzheng and its surrounding areas was higher than others area,therefore the geographic environment in ancient times in these areas should be the most suitable for living areas and agricultural development.