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CO2 booster systems represent the most common system type for trans-critical CO2 applications in commercial refrigeration.Booster systems are characterized by a common refrigerant and lubrication circuit,where the compressor of the low-temperature stage discharges directly into the suction-side of the medium-temperature(MT)stage compressor.Despite of the fact that booster systems typically operate with higher suction gas temperatures and consequently,lower suction gas densities in the MT stage compared to cascade systems,these systems usually still have higher energy efficiencies.The main reason is the temperature difference required in the cascade heat exchanger,resulting in an increased pressure ratio and finally power consumption by the compressors in the low-temperature stage.