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As drug carriers,polymersomes (Ps) have many advantages over the classical liposomes,including adequate stability,long circulation in bloodstream,good mechanical properties,and great potential for advanced chemical functionalization [1].Targeting properties can be endowed to the Ps by the grafting of biologically relevant receptor-specific ligands.This work focused on the development of targeted Ps.Antibody fragments derived from the heavy chain-only antibodies of Camelidae (called nanobodies or VHHs) are used as targeting ligands [2].Advantages of using VHHs instead of conventional antibodies for surface functionalization of nanocarriers are numerous.