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Objective: The southwest karst area,an area of 550,000 km2,is one of the most concentrated ethnic minorities areas in China.It is also one of the most poorest and vulnerable ecological environment areas in China.By the comprehensive influence of special natural environment,history,society and economy factors and so on,the southwest karst mountain areas are in a closed environment for a long time,so the culture,technology,and information of the outside world are difficult to enter,which leads to closed conservative society and slow development,forming a pattern of typical and closed karst mountainous environment.All of those above caused the backward social and economic conditions,original life style and extremely poor health condition.The health problems of people and livestocks and their living environment in karst area become the important and difficult points in national reconstruction.Methods: hospital periodic reports,interviewing,focus groups,observation and other qualitative research methods.Results: Affected by specific geographical factors,the public health infrastructure is poor in the southwest karst area,and the incidence and spreading infection rate of infectious diseases,such as intestinal infectious diseases,respiratory infections,blood-borne and sexual transmission is higher in the region.Conclusion: To improve the poor health conditions in karst area,we should strengthen the medical and health care infrastructure construction in karst area,especially in rural areas,and attach great importance to the propaganda of public health; Think highly of the aging effect on public health and the accessibility of health care and pension needs; Pay attention to management and popularization of injecting,thus control the mortality of newborns and juvenile mortality due to infectious diseases; Establish GIS and disease surveillance network to strengthen the monitoring of disease spreading and environmental health in urban and rural areas,and provide technology guarantee for sanitation planning guidance and water monitoring; Strengthen international cooperation,as well as the eastern and western regional medical health support,and establish medical and health data sharing platform.In addition,because of the seal of geographical environment in karst area,we also ought to strengthen the development of clean energy and reduce fossil fuel usage; The most source of water in karst area is spring water or lake water,which needs water tests at regular intervals; Govern rocky desertification and soil and water loss,and recover the geographical ecological environment.