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The aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS; TSI-Model 3800) provides information on a polydisperse aerosol,acquiring precise aerodynamic diameter (±1%) within the range 0.3 to 3 micrometers and individual particle positive and negative mass spectral data in real time.The ATOFMS was deployed on three scientific cruises (Calfofi – Pacific Ocean,October 2004; UK SOLAS DODO – subtropical Atlantic Ocean,February 2006; MAP – North Atlantic Ocean,June 2006).Additional high time resolution size distributions were provided with two additional instruments (Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer - SMPS and Aerodynamic Particle Sizer - APS).Aerosol characteristics were correlated with local sources and meteorological factors and with air mass back trajectories,demonstrating either natural and anthropogenic sources and also long-range transport of continental air masses with differing composition from Europe,Africa and America.Moreover,because of its ability to detect single airborne particles,the ATOFMS can also provide information on the single particle mixing state.