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Diatoms are widely used to study past and present changes in the marine environment.Unimodal models are appropriate for exploring the relationship between environmental properties in Chinese inshore waters and fossil diatom species derived from modern surface sediments.The best-fit relationships between two multivariate datasets (diatom species and environmental variables) were identified using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA),which is a constrained ordination technique.The absolute abundance of diatoms in the Chinese inshore waters ranged from 500 to 48000 valves/g,and the average absolute abundance of all the 29 sites was 11300 valves/g.153 species and varieties of diatoms belonging to 42 genera in all were identified in the Chinese inshore waters.There were 28 dominant diatom species in all.According to the absolute abundance of the dominant species and the spatial distribution of the currents from the Chinese inshore waters,twelve diatom assemblages were distinguished from north to south,which reflected the different oceanographic conditions at the regional scale.Of the 8 environmental variables considered,the most important environmental variable is winter sea surface salinity (WSS),which was also the only environmental variable with statistical significance.Therefore,it may be used to establish a transfer functions for the Chinese inshore waters in future paleoclimate studies.