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Aims Spinal cord isehemia reperfusion insults remain a major cause of acute and chronic paraplegia in patients undergoing aortic surgery.We and others have demonstrated that preconditioning or posteonditioning with xenon at 70% (v/v) or 50% (v/v),respectively,has a neuroprotective effect in both rat and rabbit models of ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI).Therefore,the present study was designed to assess the neuroprotective effect and therapeutic time window of 25% xenon postconditioning on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in the rat.Methods Four groups of rats (IRI control and three xenon postconditioning groups,n=10 per group) underwent spinal cord IRI with aortic occlusion.Controls inhaled 25% nitrogen for lh,from reperfusion.The three postconditioning groups inhaled 25% xenon for 1 h,either starting at reperfusion or 1 or 2 h after reperfusion.Shams (n=10) underwent the same surgical procedure without aortic occlusion and inhaled the same gas as control rats.Neurologic function was assessed using the Basso,Beattie,and Bresnahan score,4,24,and 48 h after reperfusion.Expression of spinal cord pro (Bax) and antiapoptotic (Bcl2) proteins was assessed using immunohistochemistry,and apoptosis was observed by TUNEL and Nissl stainine.