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The nanocrystalline,porous,magnetic α-Fe microfibers with diameter of 1-2 μm and grain size of about 45 nm were prepared by the citrate-gel and phase transformation process using organic acids and metal salts as starting reagents.The bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein adsorption on the α-Fe microfibers agrees with the Langmuir isotherm and the adsorption capacity is related to the pore size and specific surface area.The α-Fe microfibers transformed from the α-Fe2O3 microfibers,which are yielded during the pre-decomposition of the gel precursor,show a higher magnetization (206.4 A m2/kg) and BSA adsorption capacity (51.6 mg/g) than that of the α-Fe microfibers obtained without the pre-decomposition.This can be attributed to the purity improvement and larger pores of the α-Fe microfibers.