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(1)Objectives: Periodontal ligament stem cells(PDLSCs)can be used in periodontal regeneration.Tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)participates in the regulation of cell proliferation,apoptosis,and migration.However,whether TNF-α can affect the biological features of PDLSCs is still unclear.The objective of this study was to illustrate the biological effects(proliferation,apoptosis and migration)of TNF-α on human CD146 positive periodontal lligament cells(CD146+PLDCs)and CD146 negative periodontal ligament cells(CD146-PDLCs).