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Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the leading causes of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Current treatment strategies of HBV infection including the use of interferon (IFN)-c and nucleotide analogues such as lamivudine and adefovir have met only partial success.Therefore, it is necessary to develop more effective antiviral therapies that can clear HBV infection with fewer side effects.RNA interference (RNAi), by which a small interfering RNA (siRNA) induces the gene silence at a posttranscriptional level, has the potential of treating HBV infection.